find

正则查找
find -regex “<>”

忽略大小写查找文件
find -iname ***

符号查找

静态库
nm libxvidcore.a
-n: sort
-u undefined-only

剪贴板 xclip

复制内容到剪贴板
echo “hello xclip” | xclip -selection c

建立别名
alias clip=”xclip -selection c”

版本管理 update-alternatives

update-alternatives

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#命令最后的1和10是优先级，如果使用auto选择模式，系统将默认使用优先级高的
#假设只安装了GCC/G++ 7和11版本
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-11 10
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-11 10

忽略输出

startkde >/dev/null 2>&1

Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu

sudo apt install package_name=package_version

add user to sudo group

usermod -G sudo lull

check groups

cat /etc/group

if not in the sudoers file

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49192027/article/details/114702099

添加文件
/etc/sudoers.d/lull

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lull ALL=(root,lull) ALL

Ubuntu-18.04 install GCC11

link

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add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc-11 g++-11

#使用locate命令比find快一些，使用前最好更新一下索引
sudo updatedb && sudo ldconfig
locate gcc | grep -E "/usr/bin/gcc-"
#如果locate不能用
ls /usr/bin/gcc*
ls /usr/bin/g++*

#命令最后的1和10是优先级，如果使用auto选择模式，系统将默认使用优先级高的
#假设只安装了GCC/G++ 7和11版本
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-11 10
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-11 10

gcc --version
 
g++ --version

处理wsl与windows的code冲突

原生code使用wsl的code

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# ~/.profile
alias code=/usr/bin/code
# 使用软链接使用windows code, 
ln -s "/mnt/c/Users/lull/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin/code" wcode

grep regex replace

perl-regex lookaround

https://learnbyexample.github.io/learn_gnugrep_ripgrep/perl-compatible-regular-expressions.html

Lookarounds helps to create custom anchors and add conditions to a pattern. These assertions are also known as zero-width patterns because they add restrictions similar to anchors and are not part of matched portions (especially helpful with -o option). These can also be used to negate a grouping similar to negated character sets. Lookaround assertions can be added to a pattern in two ways — lookbehind and lookahead. Syntax wise, these two ways are differentiated by adding a < for the lookbehind version. The assertion can be negative (syntax !) or positive (syntax =).

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$ # extract whole words only if NOT preceded by : or -
$ # can also use '(?<![:-])\b\w++'
$ echo ':cart<apple-rest;tea' | grep -oP '(?<![:-])\b\w+\b'
apple
tea

$ # note that end of string satisfies the given assertion
$ # 'bazbiz' has two matches as the assertion doesn't consume characters
$ echo 'boz42 bezt5 bazbiz' | grep -ioP 'b.z(?!\d)'
bez
baz
biz

$ # extract digits only if it is followed by ,
$ # note that end of string doesn't qualify as this is positive assertion
$ echo '42 foo-5, baz3; x-83, y-20: f12' | grep -oP '\d+(?=,)'
5
83
$ # extract digits only if it is preceded by - and not followed by ,
$ # note that this would give different results for greedy quantifier
$ echo '42 foo-5, baz3; x-83, y-20: f12' | grep -oP '(?<=-)\d++(?!,)'
20

grep regex match with only print matching

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# print all codeblocks child-project path
cat xxx.workspace |grep -P '(?<=Project filename=")[^"]+' -o

Iogl.02.ColorPie

steps:

• create cpu frames
• cpu render pixel in it
• cuda copy frame to opengl texture
• opengl render this frame

render

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struct FragParam
{
    double time;
    int    w, h;
    int    razerR = 1, razerC = 1;
    double radiusOfRazer = 0.5;
    int    ROffset = 0, COffset = 0;
};

tuple<uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t> FragRender(int r, int c, FragParam const param)
{
    double w = param.w, h = param.h;
    r += param.ROffset;
    c += param.COffset;
    if (((r / h - 0.5) * (r / h - 0.5) + (c / w - 0.5) * (c / w - 0.5)) > param.radiusOfRazer * param.radiusOfRazer)
    {
        r = r / param.razerR * param.razerR;
        c = c / param.razerC * param.razerC;
    }
    int factor = 256;
    int red = factor * r / h;
    int green = factor * c / w;
    return {red, green, 0, 1};
}

trans data from cpu to gpu

call cuMemcpy2D to transform data
there is a weired problem still unresolved:
if i dont call glGenerateMipmap(tex), then the luminance of pixels is decreasing with the vertex-data:position.
like(dont call genMipmap) : set L=-0.7,R=0.7;then the rendered frame luminance is about 0.55x of the true pixel-data;

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void TransHostData(void *data, size_t sz)
{
    NV_API_CALL(cuGraphicsMapResources(1, &texRes, 0));
    // // this is for texture object
    // NV_API_CALL(cuGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer(&texResDevicePtr, &texResDevicePtrLength, texRes));
    // RAW_LOG_ASSERT(CULogger(), "MemCpy", texResDevicePtrLength >= sz,);
    // NV_API_CALL(cuMemcpy(texResDevicePtr, (CUdeviceptr)data, sz));

    NV_API_CALL(cuGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(&texResArr, texRes, 0, 0));
    CUDA_MEMCPY2D cp{};
    cp.srcMemoryType = CUmemorytype::CU_MEMORYTYPE_HOST;
    cp.srcHost = data;
    cp.srcPitch = tex.width * tex_comp_cnt;

    cp.dstMemoryType = CUmemorytype::CU_MEMORYTYPE_ARRAY;
    cp.dstArray = texResArr;
    cp.WidthInBytes = tex.width * tex_comp_cnt;

    cp.Height = tex.height;

    NV_API_CALL(cuMemcpy2D(&cp));
    NV_API_CALL(cuGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &texRes, 0));

    // /* dont know why, but after the video meemory copy, seems need regenerate this mipmap */
    glActiveTexture(tex.targetTexture);
    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
}

iogl.01.basic_OpenGL

this section is test api of Helper to create simple opengl render example, without connecting to cuda
Helper is simple wrapped utility of many things.

cuda synatx

https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/#execution-configuration
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39575835/article/details/83027440

block + thread

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kernal_func<<< Dg, Db, Ns, S >>>(...);

dim3 index

calc index

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int idx = (gridDim.x*gridDim.y*blockIdx.z+gridDim.x*blockIdx.y+blockIdx.x)*blockDim.x*blockDim.y*blockDim.z+ blockDim.x * blockDim.y * threadIdx.z + blockDim.x * threadIdx .y + threadIdx.x;

// or

int __device__ alphabitOrderIndex(unsigned int *str, unsigned int *base, int sz)
{
    int cnt = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
    {
        cnt = cnt * base[i] + str[i];
    }
    return cnt;
};
unsigned int idxs[] = {blockIdx.z, blockIdx.y, blockIdx.x, threadIdx.z, threadIdx.y, threadIdx.x},
            bases[] = {GridDim.z, GridDim.y, GridDim.x, blockDim.z, blockDim.y, blockDim.x};
int idx = alphabitOrderIndex(idxs, bases, 6);

as you can see, blockIdx is corrdinate in GridDim, threadIdx is corrdinate in blockDim, there are all dim3{int x,y,z;}

source code

deps

• hugo: transformating markdown file to static-site html
• nginx: handle https request

keys

hugo

config.toml

https://gohugo.io/getting-started/configuration/#all-configuration-settings

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baseURL = 'https://www.353546.online:80/doc/'
languageCode = 'zh-cn'
title = "lull's doc"
theme = 'book'

[[cascade]]
categories  = ["default cate"]

themes under ./themes

the most important thing theme provide is content&arche template
the difference between content-template & arche template: arche is for front matters of a new file; content-template is for rendering files

nginx

/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

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server {
   listen       80 ssl;
   server_name  www.353546.online;
   ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
   ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
   ssl_certificate  /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.353546.online/fullchain.pem;
   ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.353546.online/privkey.pem;
    # listen        80;
    # server_name   www.353546.online;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root /home/lull/code/doc-site/public/;
        index tags/index.html tags/index.xml;
    }
    location /doc/ {
        alias /home/lull/code/doc-site/public/;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

ssl

cert file comes from https://certbot.eff.org/ (from doc of https://letsencrypt.org/)
just use the certbot from ubuntu apt source
notice : you need a domain
the nginx ssl conf keys: ssl_certificate;ssl_certificate_key are

see https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-certbot-standalone-mode-to-retrieve-let-s-encrypt-ssl-certificates-on-ubuntu-20-04

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privkey.pem: This is the private key for the certificate. This needs to be kept safe and secret, which is why most of the /etc/letsencrypt directory has very restrictive permissions and is accessible by only the root user. Most software configuration will refer to this as something similar to ssl-certificate-key or ssl-certificate-key-file.
fullchain.pem: This is our certificate, bundled with all intermediate certificates. Most software will use this file for the actual certificate, and will refer to it in their configuration with a name like ‘ssl-certificate’.

doc

1.下载

nothing to say

2. 创建

2.1 创建工作文件

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# 管理员身份打开新安装的 部署和映像工作环境 这个脚本
# 查看帮助 ,根据你的 cpu架构，选择命令，我是amd64
copype /? 
copype amd64 E:\win_amd64

2.2 自定义 winpe

dism help

win pe ocs list

使用 802.1x 身份验证协议连接到有线网络

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# 获取你这个镜像的信息，注意传入的wim文件路径，不知道的话找一找(windows文件search推荐 everything)
# 注意获取到的 名称
Dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:E:\win_amd64\media\source\install.wim

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# 挂载映像， 注意/name 的参数是上一步获取的名称
Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:E:\win_amd64\media\source\install.wim /Name:"Microsoft Windows PE (x64)" /MountDir:C:\test\offline

# 添加包
# 我的包路径: C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Assessment and Deployment Kit\Windows Preinstallation Environment\amd64\WinPE_OCs
# 注意先添加 此路径下的包，再添加语言相关的，子目录下的相应包
cd  C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Assessment and Deployment Kit\Windows Preinstallation Environment\amd64\WinPE_OCs
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Add-Package /PackagePath:.\WinPE-Setup.cab /PackagePath:zh-cn\WinPE-Setup_zh-cn.cab /PackagePath:.\WinPE-FMAPI.cab /PackagePath:WinPE-FontSupport-ZH-CN.cab /PackagePath:WinPE-Dot3Svc.cab 
# powershell 环境
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Add-Package /PackagePath:WinPE-WMI.cab /PackagePath:WinPE-NetFx.cab /PackagePath:WinPE-Scripting.cab /PackagePath:WinPE-PowerShell.cab 

2.3 创建可启动的介质

我只做个镜像文件，稍后我会用yumi将其添加到我的多系统安装U盘上, 关于制作多系统u盘，请参见我的其他文章

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MakeWinPEMedia /ISO E:\win_amd64 E:\winpe_amd64.iso

此导引安装 Win10，Win10-insider，Ubuntu-22.01，和Ubuntu-22.10 到同一磁盘

具体安装什么系统并不影响

我想你所需要的一些理解大概在这里：

• ntfs home : 介绍 基本的gpt分区的一些信息
• YUMI 多系统启动盘制作工具

前置步骤，制作多系统启动盘：

1. 下载或制作你需要安装的系统们的镜像，此步骤我下载了U22.04，U22.10,并使用windows media create tool(如果链接失效请自行到此链接下载)下载了两个镜像

2. 预习分区
   这是我的其中一块磁盘的分区，（另一块暂未参与分区，应为当时大晚上的，没想整这么细）

ubuntu（or linux）用ext4，windows用ntfs，共享区（分区7）用UDF

3. 使用YUMI 安装windows和linux 镜像们到你的u盘

然后开始安装，这里有个细节，windows（ubuntu应该也会这样），如果有多个磁盘,windows会优先将引导信息安装到已经存在的esp分区，这意味着，如果你有俩磁盘，但是如果安装前不注意ESP的存在，那么可能系统引导就装到非预期的盘上去了

1. 安装windows就是常规安装咯
2. 安装ubuntu，安装选安装位置的时候选高级选项，按之前给的表指定你的文件系统的/和/share的挂载点（其实一般来说你应该把/home单独分区，当时/tmp,/var,/swap什么的也可以）
3. 安装第二个ubuntu，同2
4. 安装win-insider，这个只需要注意将安装位置选好在我们之前安排的分区4就好了

注意： 安装好第一个windows之后，可以用diskpar命令的子命令format 格式化UDF分区，然后在安装ubuntu们的时候在安装的时候就把UDF共享分区声明挂载，当然后来你用类似于gparted的工具再挂也一样（为什么不写fstab那些分区文件？看着头疼）

到此结束

——————– more ———————-

今天又装了 CentOS 到 磁盘到，这样子里边就有五个了哈哈哈
事实上，linux的安装在分区上只需要注意以下几个小事

• /boot/efi 挂载到 esp分区, 多个linux系统可以一起将//boot/efi 挂载到这里
• / 挂载到哪无所谓，但是一般来说如果把/home路径分离挂载，那么/占不了多少空间，50G算多
• /home 可以分离挂载，这样个人数据可以恢复
• /swap 对于不同系统来说这个分区作用和影响不大一样，swap分区需要指定分区类型为swap，centos的安装界面说swap对某些地方的性能提升很大，不过我没测试
• /temp 原来这个分区不总是会在boot时被擦除，具体可查stackoverflow